International Journal of Management Trends: Key Concepts and Research
The International Journal of Management Trends: Key Concepts and Research is an academic, peer-reviewed, open-access journal dealing with all aspects of business and management studies. The issues cover a broad range of topics from various academic disciplines, methodologies, and theoretical paradigms. The journal publishes original papers through rigorous and timely analysis and a double-blind peer-review process. All articles are published Open Access, so are made freely available at no charge to the author. Journal is published biannually, in June and December.
Faculty of Management, Sremski Karlovci, University UNION Nikola Tesla, Belgrade
GIS-Based Assessment of the Prospective Value of Geothermal Zones in Vojvodina
Geothermal energy is a stable, low-emission renewable resource whose exploitation depends on locating boreholes with suitable temperature at accessible depth and on the economic distance over which the resulting heat can be transported. This paper applies a Geographic Information System (GIS) workflow to an existing dataset of geothermal borehole temperatures in Vojvodina, part of the Serbian sector of the Pannonian Basin, in order to assess the province's prospective value for three categories of end use: general heating, agriculture, and industrial application/electricity generation. Boreholes were classified into three temperature–depth groups corresponding to these categories, buffer zones reflecting economically viable heat-transport distances were generated around each group, and Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation was used to produce continuous temperature surfaces between boreholes. The workflow was automated in ModelBuilder and, for the high-temperature group, overlaid with aggregated industrial-zone polygons. The results show that low- and medium-temperature resources are widely and fairly evenly distributed across Vojvodina, while high-temperature resources are concentrated in central Banat. The analysis identifies several discrete areas that meet temperature and distance criteria but contain no existing borehole, representing candidate sites for future exploration, and shows that a number of existing industrial zones already fall within the economic reach of high-temperature boreholes. GIS is concluded to be an effective, reproducible tool for regional geothermal screening. Future work should incorporate geostatistical methods that quantify prediction uncertainty and locally calibrated transport-cost data.
Copyright (c) 2026 Bogdan Bogdanović https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Digital Transformation and the Implementation of Telemedicine: Challenges in Healthcare Institution Management
Digital transformation and the implementation of telemedicine represent key steps toward the modernization and sustainability of contemporary healthcare systems. However, the adoption of these technologies poses complex challenges for the management of healthcare institutions. The subject of this study is the analysis of managerial, technical, and legal challenges faced by hospital and primary healthcare center managers during the transition to e-healthcare. The aim of the research was to assess the level of readiness of healthcare professionals to work in a digital environment and to identify the main sources of resistance and systemic barriers to implementation. An empirical research method was employed using an anonymous survey questionnaire administered to a sample of N = 60 healthcare professionals. The results indicate that, despite widespread awareness of the benefits of telemedicine, including reduced patient congestion and decreased administrative burden, the most significant obstacles are the lack of continuous IT training, inadequate technical infrastructure, and concerns regarding legal uncertainty related to the protection of patient data. The findings suggest that the success of digital transformation depends not only on technological advancement but also on strategic human resource management and the systematic reduction of organizational resistance through continuous education and training.
Copyright (c) 2026 Slavica Anđelić https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Well-being as a Strategic Framework for Healthcare Policy, Management, and Evaluation: A Conceptual Analysis with OECD Evidence
This study examines the theoretical foundations of well-being and assesses its applicability as a strategic framework for healthcare policy management, planning, implementation, and evaluation. Methodology: A conceptual-descriptive research design was employed, combining a critical review of relevant scientific literature with a secondary analysis of OECD well-being indicators. The methodological approach included thematic content analysis, comparative analysis, and descriptive interpretation of empirical data related to subjective life satisfaction and health outcomes. Results: The findings indicate a positive association between subjective life satisfaction and objective health indicators. Countries characterized by strong healthcare systems, comprehensive social protection mechanisms, and integrated public policies consistently demonstrate higher levels of both subjective and objective well-being. The analysis confirms the multidimensional nature of well-being and its relevance for healthcare policy evaluation. Conclusions: Well-being represents a valuable framework for healthcare system management and governance. Integrating subjective and objective indicators into policy planning and evaluation can contribute to more effective, equitable, and sustainable healthcare policies. Recommendations: Healthcare policymakers should increasingly incorporate multidimensional well-being indicators into strategic planning, performance monitoring, and policy evaluation processes. Additional data: The proposed framework is supported by a review of contemporary well-being literature and a comparative analysis of selected OECD indicators.
Copyright (c) 2026 Filip Wolf https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Leadership as a micro-innovation in new business models in the era of platformization and entrepreneurship 5.0
The contemporary business environment is characterized by accelerated digital transformation, the development of platform economies and the emergence of new business models based on technology, network interactions and flexible forms of organization. Under such conditions, the role of leadership is also changing, as leadership is increasingly viewed as an important factor in organizational adaptation, innovation and the development of employees’ digital competences. The aim of this paper is to analyze, on the basis of a review of relevant literature, leadership, with a particular focus on transformational leadership, as a micro-innovation that contributes to the development and implementation of new business models in the context of platformization and Entrepreneurship 5.0. The methodological approach is based on a narrative literature review and a conceptual synthesis of studies in the fields of leadership, organizational culture, innovation, digital competences and the digital economy. The findings of the literature review indicate that transformational leadership may play a significant role in encouraging innovative behavior, developing an organizational culture that supports change, strengthening employee engagement and connecting digital competences with the innovative capabilities of an organization. The paper proposes a conceptual framework in which leadership is viewed as a micro-innovation and an integrative mechanism between digital competences, organizational culture, employee engagement and the development of new business models. It is concluded that the development of leadership competences in the digital environment represents an important prerequisite for the adaptability, sustainability and competitiveness of contemporary organizations.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dijana Vasas Kurucev, Aneta Guteša, Milica Bogdanov, Jasmina Poštin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Integration of Formal, Non-formal and Informal Education in the Corporate System: From the Concept of Knowledge to its Applicability
This paper examines the importance of formal, non-formal and informal education within the corporate system, with a special focus on their integration to generate applicable knowledge that enables competitiveness and social responsibility of organizations. The paper is grounded in the assumption that modern society is characterized by a paradox of the availability of knowledge with a simultaneous deficit of its practical application. Based on theoretical and conceptual analyses, as well as the proposed empirical model, the need to develop an integrated model of corporate education that connects individual competencies with organizational and social goals is indicated.
Copyright (c) 2026 Prof. dr Vilmoš Tot, Dejan Supic https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Strategic Analysis of Market Factors Affecting Investments in the Real Estate Sector in the Republic of Serbia
This paper analyses the investment environment and market dynamics of the real estate sector in the Republic of Serbia, focusing on Belgrade as the main urban and economic center. Based on domestic and international literature, it highlights the limitations of traditional financial models under increased uncertainty and complex interdependencies. PESTEL and SWOT frameworks are applied to holistically assess political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal factors. The aim of the study is to examine past and current trends and predict future developments, supporting competitive strategy selection at the micro level. The empirical analysis relies on official data from the Republic Geodetic Authority and the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia (2014–2024), examining transaction volumes and structure, land distribution, overall market value, and housing price trends in Belgrade. Results show long-term growth, dominance of the residential segment, and the influence of institutional and infrastructure projects on the market.
Copyright (c) 2026 Pavel Zelisko https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Crisis management in public health systems - lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic posed an unprecedented challenge to public health systems worldwide, including Serbia. This paper analyzes how healthcare institutions managed the crisis, identifies key managerial and policy strategies that influenced the effectiveness of the response, and highlights lessons for future crisis situations. The research combines a quantitative analysis of data on confirmed cases, hospitalizations, and mortality with a qualitative analysis of managerial decisions, the reorganization of hospital capacities, the implementation of crisis plans, and communication with the public. The results indicate that system resilience depended on the ability to adapt resources, coordinate across different levels of governance, and provide effective leadership of crisis teams. At the same time, weaknesses were identified, including limited reserve resources and insufficient interoperability of digital systems. Lessons from the pandemic emphasize the importance of an integrated approach to crisis management, strategic planning, investment in digital tools, and strengthening primary healthcare capacities, in order to ensure that health systems are better prepared for future global crises.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dragan Ugrinov https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Public expenditure on higher education in India: A time-series regression analysis of budget trends, utilisation, and policy implications
Public financing plays a pivotal role in expanding access to and enhancing the quality of higher education systems. In India, the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 sets a transformative target of achieving a 50 percent Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) by 2035, making the trajectory and adequacy of public expenditure a central policy concern. This study examines trends in public expenditure on higher education by analyzing the Ministry of Education’s Budget Estimates (BE) and Actual Expenditure (AE) from 2010-11 to 2024-25, with the objective of assessing long-term growth patterns and their alignment with national policy priorities. Analysis uses descriptive statistics and time-series linear regression to study past expenditure trends and predict spending on higher education up to 2034–35. The results show a steady increase in public funding for higher education in India. Budget Estimates increased from Rs.16,690 crore in 2010–11 to Rs.47,620 crore in 2024–25, while Actual Expenditure increased from Rs.15,472 crore to Rs.46,482 crore during the same period. Regression analysis shows significant yearly growth in both Budget Estimates and Actual Expenditure, indicating strong government support for higher education. Based on past trends, public expenditure may reach nearly Rs.68,000 crore by 2034–35. These findings highlight the need for continuous financial support to improve enrolment, infrastructure, and quality in line with NEP 2020. The gap between planned and actual spending also shows the need for better budget implementation and expenditure management. The findings provide evidence-based insights for policymakers and stakeholders, emphasizing that long-term investment, coupled with efficient fiscal management, is essential for achieving inclusive and sustainable expansion of India’s higher education system.
Copyright (c) 2026 Abrar Ahmad, Absar Ahmad, Jitendra Dev Gangwar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Leadership Relationships in Context: The Role of Leader–Member Exchange Theory and Organisational Culture in Shaping Employee Outcomes
Leadership effectiveness and employee outcomes are increasingly understood as relational and context-dependent phenomena. Leader–Member Exchange (LMX) theory highlights the importance of dyadic leader–follower relationships, while organisational culture shapes the norms, values, and practices within which these relationships unfold. This study examines the interplay between LMX, organisational culture, communication practices, and talent management, with a particular focus on how these dynamics shape employee engagement, performance, well-being, and retention. Adopting a qualitative, constructivist literature study, the research synthesises empirical studies, meta-analyses, and conceptual frameworks spanning leadership, organisational behaviour, and talent management, and a thematic analysis was conducted to identify recurring relational patterns, contextual moderators, and mechanisms linking LMX quality to employee outcomes. The review demonstrates that high-quality LMX relationships, characterised by trust, reciprocity, and open communication, are strongly associated with positive employee outcomes, particularly when embedded in inclusive and adaptive organisational cultures, whereas low-quality exchanges within misaligned or hierarchical cultures contribute to disengagement, relative deprivation, and turnover intentions. Communication practices and talent management systems emerge as critical mediating mechanisms, with digital and remote work contexts amplifying both relational opportunities and risks. The findings underscore the need for leadership approaches that integrate relational awareness with cultural alignment and systemic talent practices, advancing a more contextualised understanding of LMX and highlighting inclusive leadership, relational mindfulness, and culturally responsive communication as essential for organisational sustainability and workforce well-being.
Copyright (c) 2026 Michael Mncedisi Willie https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE USE OF WEB TOOLS IN EDUCATION: A CASE STUDY IN A SECONDARY SCHOOL IN MONTENEGRO
This review examines the role of web-based tools in contemporary education by integrating recent research (2020–2025) and illustrating practice through a survey of 120 teachers at a secondary school in Montenegro. After outlining the evolution of the web (from Web 1.0 to Web 3.0) and key categories of educational tools (learning management systems, collaboration platforms, video-conferencing, game-based quiz systems, social media), we synthesize findings from recent systematic reviews and empirical studies. These show that digital tools generally have positive effects on student engagement, motivation, conceptual understanding, and academic performance, provided they are integrated purposefully and supported by infrastructure and teacher training. In our school-level survey, teachers reported intensive use of Microsoft Teams, PowerPoint, YouTube, and messaging apps (Viber/WhatsApp), alongside growing interest in interactive platforms such as Kahoot. They expressed mainly positive attitudes toward web tools, but also noted challenges related to technical issues, workload, and unequal student access. Taken together, the literature and case findings indicate that web tools are now integral to teaching, yet their success depends on pedagogically informed design, teacher digital competence, institutional support, and attention to equity and privacy. The paper concludes with implications for practice and proposes directions for future research on the pedagogical and organizational conditions that sustain and make technology integration effective.
information and communication technology (ICT)
Copyright (c) 2025 Bozidar Ilic https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE INFLUENCE OF WORK MOTIVATION ON EMPLOYEES’ RELATIONSHIP WITH THE LEADER
Over the past century, management has progressed from Taylor’s scientific management to modern approaches emphasizing human motivation. This study examines how work motivation influences the employee–leader relationship in Serbian organizations. We surveyed 100 employees (public and private sector) on the importance and fulfillment of various job motivators and the quality of leader–member exchange (LMX). Results show that most employees rate both basic (e.g., salary, security) and higher-level (e.g., growth) needs as very important, yet far fewer report these needs as satisfied. For example, about 75% of respondents deemed pay and security crucial, but under one-third felt adequately compensated or secure. Similarly, ~73% valued personal development, but only ~20% had such opportunities. Employees with better-fulfilled needs also reported higher-quality leader–member relationships. Average LMX quality was moderate, with only a minority experiencing high-trust exchanges. The discussion relates these findings to Herzberg’s two-factor theory, self-determination theory, and LMX theory, highlighting the importance of both extrinsic and intrinsic motivators. The obtained results indicate that leaders and managers need to adapt their leadership style more closely to employees’ motivational needs in order to improve relationship quality and increase organizational effectiveness.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sandra Banjanin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
LOGISTICAL ASPECTS OF THE APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE PRINTING INDUSTRY
This paper explores the potential application of artificial intelligence (AI) and expert systems (ES) in improving logistics processes within the printing industry, with a particular focus on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The study is based on a case analysis of the printing company SITOPRINT from Žitište, which represents a typical SME operating with a combination of traditional and modern printing technologies, yet facing evident logistical constraints. The primary objective of the research is to identify key logistical limitations, assess the level of digital maturity, and determine the extent to which AI-based solutions can enhance operational stability, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. The methodological framework includes the analysis of internal business documentation, direct observation of workflow, interviews with employees, and evaluation of existing procedures related to material management, production planning, and distribution. Additionally, a comparative review of modern logistics solutions in international practice was conducted to contextualize global trends in industrial digitalization and assess their applicability to the Serbian printing sector. Findings indicate that SITOPRINT’s logistics processes rely heavily on manual work, fragmented communication, and experience-based decision-making, resulting in inventory fluctuations, uneven machine utilization, and reduced predictability. The research shows that AI can significantly improve these processes through predictive inventory management, automated production scheduling, real-time order tracking, and algorithm-based route optimization. The discussion emphasizes that the successful implementation of AI and ES requires gradual integration, employee training, and the development of a data-driven organizational culture. The conclusion highlights that AI-supported logistics represents a sustainable and scalable development path for SMEs in the printing industry, and that the SITOPRINT case may serve as a practical model for broader industry modernization.
Copyright (c) 2025 Zeljko Markovic https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
AUTOMATION AND DIGITALIZATION OF PRODUCTION PROCESSES – INDUSTRY 4.0
The purpose of this paper is to examine how digitalization and automation principles of the fourth industrial revolution improve efficiency, quality and flexibility in manufacturing systems, with a focus on practical steps for implementation. The methodology combines a structured review of academic and professional sources, document analysis of company procedures, and a field study consisting of semi-structured interviews with managers and engineers, plus direct observation of selected production lines. Results show measurable improvement after introducing cyber-physical monitoring, sensor-based tracking and data-driven planning: shorter production lead time, higher first-pass yield, fewer unplanned stoppages, better traceability and more stable planning. The analysis also reveals key barriers: insufficient digital competencies, fragmented information systems, unclear ownership of data and initial investment constraints. Conclusions indicate that benefits arise when technology, processes and skills are developed together, guided by a clear governance model and continuous improvement culture. Recommendations include a phased roadmap that starts with process mapping and data readiness, establishes interoperable platforms, strengthens worker training, embeds information security from the outset, and sets a limited set of outcome indicators tied to cost, quality and delivery. Additional data include interview guides, observation checklists and consolidated tables with baseline and post-implementation measures, provided in the appendices of the paper
Copyright (c) 2025 Nikola Knezevic https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE ESSENCE OF INVESTMENT DECISIONS IN REAL ESTATE
The purpose of this article is to examine the essence of investment decisions in real estate by integrating theoretical foundations with behavioural factors. The relevance of the research is driven by the growing complexity of investment decision-making under conditions of information asymmetry, heterogeneous market participants, and the institutional specifics of emerging economies. The paper analyses classical financial indicators (NPV, IRR, PI, ROR) and highlights their limitations when behavioural biases are not considered. Using the VIKOR method with probabilistic linguistic term sets, the study demonstrates that changes in behavioural preferences may lead to a 2–4-fold shift in the evaluation of investment alternatives. Key determinants of investment decisions are systematized, including rational and behavioural components, macroeconomic and institutional conditions, market segmentation, technological innovations, and investor typology. Special attention is given to the characteristics of the Balkan region, particularly Serbia, where data insufficiency and post-socialist institutional legacy create additional challenges for investment analysis. The findings expand the theoretical understanding of behavioural influences in real estate investment and illustrate the importance of investor heterogeneity for project evaluation. From a practical perspective, the results indicate that investors, banks, and policymakers can improve project selection and credit risk assessment by integrating behavioural analysis with mul-ti-criteria decision-making tools such as VIKOR. The study is limited using hypothetical project data, methodological constraints of the VIKOR approach, and market-specific conditions. Nevertheless, the results provide a foundation for enhancing data trans-parency, strengthening institutional frameworks, and incorporating behavioural preferences into investment decision-making in emerging real estate markets.
Copyright (c) 2025 Pavel Zelisko https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PERCEIVED EFFECTIVENESS AND ALIGNMENT OF TRAINING IN CANADIAN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
This research examines how staff members at educational institutions in Canada perceive the effectiveness of training, whether the types of training they deem necessary align with those they participate in, and whether their perspectives change based on years of experience, educational attainment, and institution type. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted involving 50 employees. The effectiveness was evaluated using a five-point scale, with two items in multiple-choice format (types of training deemed necessary and attended). Within-subject comparisons, one-way analysis of variance for comparing multiple groups, and analysis of differences between two independent groups assuming unequal variances were utilized. The findings indicate a significant gap: participants identified more “necessary” training categories than they attended; no differences were observed based on experience; differences in education favour those with higher education levels (with higher and more consistent ratings); private institutions exhibit a more positive distribution of grades compared to public ones, although the difference in mean scores is not statistically significant in this sample. It is concluded that aligning training offerings with expressed needs and acknowledging the trainees' profiles is more crucial than the training experience itself. The study suggested conducting an annual needs assessment that aligns with strategic goals, designing training focused on practical application (through scenarios, practice, mentoring, and implementation strategies), engaging managers before and after training, customizing based on educational segments, and systematically evaluating outcomes with follow-up post-training. Furthermore, responses were anonymous, items were mandatory, and the scale ranged from 1 to 5; caution is advised when interpreting results from the small group with doctoral degrees.
Copyright (c) 2025 Djordje Jovanovic, Dejan Aladzic https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A NEW OPPORTUNITY FOR 50+: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON EMPLOYMENT OF PEOPLE OVER 50 IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA
This paper explores the challenges and opportunities related to the employment of people over 50 years of age in the Republic of Serbia, relying on contemporary demographic, social, and market indicators. In light of current trends of population aging and shrinking labor force, the study aims to identify barriers, motivations, and potentials for the workforce activation of this age group. Primary data were collected through a structured questionnaire on a sample of 200 respondents from various regions of Serbia and analyzed using descriptive statistics, SWOT analysis, and comparisons with best practices in the region (Croatia, Slovenia, Montenegro, North Macedonia). The results indicate a significant willingness among older individuals for retraining and participation in flexible work arrangements, alongside dominant barriers such as age-based discrimination and lack of digital skills. The paper also examines existing government active employment policies, with a focus on their application, visibility, and effectiveness. It concludes that integrating people aged 50+ into the labor market requires a strategic approach combining training, subsidies, combating ageism, and enhancing digital literacy. The study provides a foundation for formulating recommendations for policymakers and local actors in the field of employment.
Copyright (c) 2025 Pavle Pocuc https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMUNICATIONS BARRIERS IN ORGANIZATIONAL CONTEX
This paper explores the primary communication barriers within organizational settings and the implications they have on effective interpersonal and intergroup communication. Through a theoretical overview and empirical research conducted in Zrenjanin, Serbia, this study identifies specific types of barriers—ambiguity, noise, emotional factors, distrust, data filtering, language and jargon, and cultural elements—and analyzes their frequency and perception among employees. Results highlight the relatively low presence of cultural and trust-based barriers, while ambiguity and noise are more prevalent. Recommendations for overcoming these obstacles include improving feedback systems and adapting organizational communication strategies.
Copyright (c) 2025 Cila Siveri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
SOURCES AND RESOLUTION STRATEGIES OF ORGANIZATIONAL CONFLICTS: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY IN THE SERBIAN CONTEXT
This paper investigates the nature, frequency, sources, and resolution strategies of organizational conflicts in Serbia's private and public sectors. Using a structured questionnaire and a sample of 128 respondents, the study applies descriptive statistics to analyze perceptions about conflict types, causes, and resolution mechanisms. Findings indicate a predominance of horizontal conflicts and traditional perceptions of conflict as negative phenomena. Most respondents recognize the significance of joint problem-solving and overarching goals as effective resolution strategies. Personal distrust and task interdependence are identified as major sources of conflict. The study recommends institutionalized conflict management training and fostering constructive organizational climates.
Copyright (c) 2025 Predrag Knezevic https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EXPLORING THE LANDSCAPE OF EXPERT SYSTEMS: A REVIEW
Expert systems are computer programs designed to mimic the decision-making of human experts. This paper explores the fundamental components of ES, including knowledge acquisition, representation, and reasoning. Various techniques for acquiring knowledge, such as interviews, observation, and document analysis, are discussed, along with prominent knowledge representation schemes like production rules, semantic networks, frames, and ontologies. The reasoning process, including inference methods and explanation facilities, is also examined. The paper further analyses the challenges and limitations of ES, such as the difficulty in capturing common sense reasoning and the complexity of knowledge base maintenance. Finally, it explores future research directions, including the integration of emerging technologies like big data and cloud computing, the development of more transparent and explainable ES, and addressing ethical considerations surrounding bias and accountability. This comprehensive overview provides a foundational understanding of expert systems, their capabilities, limitations, and potential future advancements.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dusanka Barisic https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
STRATEGIES FOR CREATING A LEARNING ORGANIZATION: ANALYSIS AND IMPLEMENTATION IN THE CONTEXT OF SERBIA
This paper explores the potential for the development of learning organizations in the context of the Republic of Serbia, with special emphasis on the sectors of education, public administration and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The aim of the research is to analyze the extent to which the principles of organizational learning are present in the strategic documents of Serbia, and what are the institutional, cultural and economic factors that facilitate or hinder their implementation. Methodologically, the paper relies on a qualitative analysis of the content of relevant national strategies, academic literature and international recommendations in the field of knowledge management. The results show that the education sector has the most developed mechanisms for the adoption of learning principles, while the public administration faces rigid structures that slow down the transformation. The SME sector shows flexibility, but suffers from limited resources and a lack of institutional support. The paper concludes that the development of learning organizations is a key prerequisite for sustainable institutional development and competitiveness of Serbia in the digital era. Recommendations for shaping public policies and strengthening strategic capacities through the systematic introduction of the principles of organizational learning in all sectors are proposed.
Copyright (c) 2025 Vilmos Tot https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
WOMEN IN MANAGEMENT OF CONTEMPORARY ORGANISATIONS
Despite progress towards greater gender equality, women remain underrepresented in leadership positions worldwide. This paper examines the role of women and the female management style in contemporary organisations by analysing global trends, societal stereotypes, barriers, and success factors, with a particular focus on the situation in Serbia. Using a comparative approach and an analysis of statistical data, reports from relevant international and national institutions, as well as professional literature, the study identifies key challenges faced by women on their path to leadership positions, including the “glass ceiling“, gender stereotypes, and unequal distribution of responsibilities. Special attention is given to contemporary leadership approaches and the contribution of female management to organisational performance. The research findings indicate that the presence of women in leadership roles enhances decision-making diversity, improves organisational culture, and contributes to greater business success. However, challenges persist, including societal norms, unequal distribution of family responsibilities, and limited career advancement opportunities. In the context of Serbia, institutional and organisational support remains insufficient, although some positive developments have been observed. The paper concludes that systemic changes, the integration of gender perspectives, equal opportunity policies, and support for female leadership are essential for the long-term improvement of women's status in management.
Copyright (c) 2025 Vesna Curcic https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION IN A NON-PROFIT HOSPITAL IN THEFEDERAL STATE OF BADEN-WÜRTTEMBERG
This study aimed to identify which types of motivation have the most significant impact on employees in a nonprofit hospital in the German state of Baden-Württemberg, focusing on the distinction between material and non-material motivational factors. The results indicate that employees place greater value on non-material aspects such as interpersonal relationships, job security, autonomy, and recognition. At the same time, material incentives like salary and benefits have a limited influence. No statistically significant differences were found based on gender, work experience, or job position. Recommendations include the improve-ment of teamwork, mentorship programs, and continuous education. The findings suggest that an effective motivational strategy in the healthcare sector must consider the complexity of human needs and the importance of quality interpersonal relations, stability, and personal development. Management's role is to recognize these factors and create a supportive work environment that enhances job satisfaction, efficiency, and long-term employee retention.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jelena Avramovic Rajevic https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
BIG DATA TREND IN SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT, IN MEDIA AND COMMUNICATION, IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ECONOMY AND SOCIETY
With the development of society, the economy, the development of innovative technology and technological equipment, the development of modern web software solutions, there is a constant tendency to increase the amount, variety and quality of data. The need to accommodate a huge amount of data implies the use of new technologies that are able to process new data dimensions. Virtually all participants in the social system, from large web companies to traditional entrepreneurs, researchers and scientists, are facing a disproportionate and lightning-fast growth in the amount of data (Jinchuan CHEN, 2013). The available data is of diverse content and format, and the method of their processing, generation and analysis is a challenge for modern Big Data technologies, which we will deal with in this paper. Big Data technologies create new opportunities for exploiting the value and potential of increasingly extensive and diverse data. This paper describes Big Data technologies, the reasons for their application and the challenges of big data from the point of view of data management. The technology of storing, hosting, mining and manipulating big data is described in several dimensions supported by Big Data. We compared the role and way of using traditional databases, versus Big Data technologies that take on a role in the economy and society, in web companies or classic commercial and non-commercial organizations. In this regard, it was pointed out the irreplaceable need for the implementation of Big Data technologies in all economic entities and the entire social system, as well as their role on the Internet in the development of social networks.
Copyright (c) 2025 Tatjana Davidov, Maja Vojinovic https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
WOMEN'S LEADERSHIP IN MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS IN SERBIA: CHALLENGES AND POTENTIALS
The status of women in relation to men has always been different, both in family and in business life. Through this paper, we examine the position and role of contemporary women who hold significant business positions, the difficulties and opportunities they encounter, as well as the possibilities for balancing private and professional life. Additionally, this paper compares the financial and social status of women in relation to men in the business world and analyzes the factors that influence potential differences in their positions. In order to assess all of the above, a quantitative study was conducted on a sample of 51 female respondents, with the subject of this paper being the examination of women's leadership in corporate management in Serbia, as well as the challenges and potentials women leaders face in the modern business world. The research results show that, despite the level of emancipation of contemporary women, their education, and business success, there is still a different perception of women in leadership positions compared to their male colleagues. It can also be concluded that the differences between women and men vary in intensity across different life segments, but are certainly present in almost every segment. Therefore, the demand and expectation from modern human civilization is to reduce these differences as quickly as possible and ultimately eliminate them.
Copyright (c) 2025 Maja Plecas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN DIMENSIONS OF WORK-RELATED STRESS AND DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF EMPLOYEES IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR
This study explores the relationship between employees' demographic characteristics and the perception of work stress in the public sector, using the WSQ questionnaire. The analyzed stress dimensions include workplace influence, organizational conflicts, individual demands, and interference with free time. A sample of 62 respondents (aged 25 to 60) encompasses employees with varying work experience and positions. Understanding how demographic characteristics affect the perception and experience of work stress can aid in developing targeted interventions to reduce stress and improve employee well-being in the public sector. Personalized stress management strategies are essential for enhancing the work environment and achieving optimal employee performance. The results indicate a significant impact of gender and position, while work experience did not show a significant effect. The paper provides guidelines for developing stress management strategies specific to the public sector. Further research should include a larger sample and a more detailed analysis of other potential factors influencing work stress to develop more effective strategies for its reduction and the improvement of the work environment in the public sector.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dijana Kolundzic https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
MOBBING OF HEALTHCARE WORKERS ON THE TERRITORY OF ARANDJELOVAC
Workplace mobbing represents a serious issue in modern organizations, with significant consequences for employee health and workplace efficiency. It is particularly pronounced in the healthcare sector, where various forms of mobbing are observed, such as horizontal, vertical, professional, and emotional mobbing. The primary aim of this research is to examine the prevalence of mobbing among healthcare workers in Aranđelovac, with a specific focus on nurses and technicians, as well as to identify the causes and consequences of mobbing in this context. The research indicates a high prevalence of mobbing in healthcare institutions in Aranđelovac, particularly among nurses and technicians. Newly hired workers are at a higher risk of mobbing compared to those with greater work experience. Differences between women and men were not statistically significant. Specific interventions and preventive measures need to be developed and implemented to improve the work environment and employees' health in the healthcare sector. The study highlights the importance of a systematic approach to addressing the issue of mobbing while focusing on local specificities within the context of global trends.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dragana Curcic https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE IMPACT OF EFFECTIVE TRAINING PROGRAMS ON ORGANIZA-TIONAL PERFORMANCE IN THE DUBAI’S PUBLIC SECTOR
This study explores the impact of training and development programs on organizational performance within Dubai’s public sec-tor. Using a mixed-methods approach, data was collected from multiple government agencies through surveys, interviews, and performance evaluations. The findings highlight that well-designed training initiatives significantly enhance employee skills, boost job performance, and increase overall productivity while reducing work errors. Key success factors identified include aligning training programs with organizational goals, customizing content to meet employees' professional needs, and leveraging ad-vanced technologies for delivery. The research also emphasizes the public sector's unique responsibility to maintain public trust and achieve customer satisfaction, areas where Dubai has demonstrated commendable progress through its commitment to customer-centric strategies. The study underscores the influence of external factors, such as globalization, technological ad-vancements, economic conditions, and regulatory frameworks, on the effectiveness of training programs. Recommendations include regular updates to training initiatives, integration of innovative technologies, fostering a culture of continuous learning, and ensuring robust monitoring and evaluation mechanisms. The research concludes that sustained investment in employee training is essential for driving organizational excellence in the public sector. Dubai’s success serves as a model for leveraging training and development to achieve superior performance, adaptability, and public satisfaction.
Copyright (c) 2025 Usamah Aldehaim, Hassan Aldhuhoori, Ali Hasabelnabi, Sarah Alsereidi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
FEEDBACK 2.0: THE INTERPLAY OF TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE IN SHAPING COMMUNICATION
This paper explores the role of feedback in shaping individual and collective identities. In modern society, identity is seen as a dynamic construct that is formed through interactions and communication with others. Analyzing the relevant literature from psychology and social theory, the paper addresses the question of how feedback, whether positive or negative, affects individu-als' self-perception and self-confidence. It also explores the impact of feedback on collective identity, emphasizing how open communication can improve group cohesion, while unclear or insufficient feedback can cause fragmentation within the commu-nity. This paper contributes to the understanding of the complex relationships between feedback and identity, providing insight into how identities are formed, redefined, and maintained in dynamic social contexts.
Copyright (c) 2025 Vesna Scepanovic https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
APPLICATION OF E-LEARNING AT THE UNIVERSITY OF EDUCONS
This study examines the application of e-learning at the University of Educons, particularly focusing on the adoption of the Moo-dle platform and the development of a proprietary platform in response to the increased demand for online education during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research analyzes the effectiveness of these platforms in achieving the university's strategic goals, including enhancing staff training, providing access to modern scientific trends, introducing a transparent distance education system, and improving the overall quality of education. The study explores student perceptions and experiences with online learning, highlighting the positive reactions and the platforms' seamless integration into the teaching process. Furthermore, the research discusses the benefits of e-learning in terms of cost savings, flexibility, and accessibility for students who may not be able to participate in traditional classroom settings. The findings contribute to a broader understanding of the role and impact of e-learning in higher education, particularly in adapting to unforeseen circumstances and evolving educational needs. The study concludes by emphasizing the long-term potential of e-learning as a valuable investment for educational institutions and students alike.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dejan Supic https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE ROLE OF NEUROMARKETING IN DECODING BRAIN STIMULI AND CONSUMER BEHAVIOR
This study focuses on the field of neuromarketing and its relationship with consumer behaviour. In a context where advances in neuroimaging and technology have allowed a detailed study of neuronal activity, neuromarketing emerges as a discipline that fuses brain science with marketing strategies. This new approach has revolutionized the understanding of sensory stimuli by interconnecting the five senses, emotions and consumer decisions. The research focuses on the application of neuromarketing techniques that help to understand how certain marketing stimuli can influence consumer behaviour and their purchasing deci-sion-making process. In addition, the concept of "applied organizational neuroscience" is addressed, highlighting a paradigm shift in the traditional marketing approach towards a deeper insight of the consumer mental processes. Through an analytical and documentary research, this study analyses the fundamental principles of neuromarketing, sensory marketing and consumer behaviour. It explores how brain processes influence consumer perception, decision-making, and emotional responses to de-velop the most effective marketing strategies. By a better understanding of those processes, this study provides key elements to stand out in an increasingly competitive and demanding market. The objective is to investigate the influence of neuromarketing on consumer purchasing decisions and to explore consumers' attitudes towards neuromarketing and its impact on purchasing decisions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Carolina Ayelen Paladino, Asli Cazorla Milla, Gricela Andrade-Ruiz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0